An abbreviation for the Arabic ‘Alayhi salām’ or ‘Alayhā salām’, which translates to: ‘Peace and blessings be upon him/her.’ Follows the name of a maʿsūm (infallible, according to Shi’ah belief) – including all of the past Prophets and Messengers, and is written as a sign of respect. The twelfth Imām is an exception to this, as there is another abbreviation used for him, (ʿaj).